Definition and Examples of Informal Logic

Informal logic is a broad term for any of the various methods of analyzing and evaluating arguments used in everyday life. Informal logic is commonly regarded as an alternative to formal or mathematical logic. Also known as  non-formal logic  or  critical thinking. In his book  The Rise of Informal Logic (1996/2014), Ralph H. Johnson defines informal logic as a branch of logic whose task it is to develop non-formal standards, criteria, procedures for the analysis, interpretation, evaluation, criticism, and construction of argumentation in everyday discourse. Observations Don S. Levi: Many informal logicians have adopted an approach that does seem to be a response to the need to acknowledge a rhetorical dimension to argumentation. This dialogical approach, which was initiated by C.A. Hamblins (1970) writings on fallacy, is a hybrid of logic and rhetoric  and has adherents in both fields. The approach acknowledges that argumentation does not occur in a rhetorical vacuum, but should be understood as a series of dialectical responses that take a question-and-answer form. Rhetorical Argumentation Christopher W. Tindale: A more recent model of argument that looks to wed the logical with the dialectical is that of [Ralph H.] Johnson (2000). Along with his colleague [Anthony J.] Blair, Johnson is one of the originators of what is called informal logic, developing it on both the pedagogical and theoretical levels. Informal logic, as here conceived, attempts to bring the principles of logic into accord with the practice of everyday reasoning. At first this was done through an analysis of the traditional fallacies, but more recently informal logicians have been looking to develop it as a theory of argument. Johnsons book Manifest Rationality  [2000] is a major contribution to that project. In that work, argument is defined as a type of discourse or text—the distillate of the practice of argumentation—in which the arguer seeks to persuade the Other(s) of the truth of a thesis by producing the reasons that support it (168). Formal Logic and Informal Logic Douglas Walton: Formal logic has to do with the forms of argument  (syntax) and truth values (semantics). . . . Informal logic (or more broadly argumentation)), as a field, has to do with the uses of argumentation in a context of dialogue, an essentially pragmatic undertaking. Hence the strongly opposed current distinction between informal and formal  logic is really an illusion, to a great extent. It is better to distinguish between the syntactic/semantic study of reasoning, on the one hand, and the pragmatic study of reasoning in arguments on the other hand. The two studies, if they are to be useful to serve the primary goal of logic, should be regarded as inherently interdependent, and not opposed, as the current conventional wisdom seems to have it.Dale Jacquette: Formal logicians of a radical stripe often dismiss informal logical techniques as insufficiently rigorous, precise, or general in scope, while their equally vehement counterparts in the informal logic camp typically regard algebraic logic and set theoretical semantics as nothing more than an empty formalism lacking both theoretical significance and practical application when not informed by the informal logical content that formal logicians pretend to despise.

Research Ethics The Advancement Of Ethically Sound Research

Research ethics review is vital to the advancement of ethically sound research. Before individuals can be enrolled in a clinical study, the research must be approved by a research ethics board (REB), an independent committee composed of medical and scientific experts, ethicists, researchers and healthcare professionals, as well as non-scientific members such as legal and privacy experts and members representing the community. The REB’s role is to ensure that the proposed research adequately protects the rights, safety and well-being of the research participants. There are two types of REBs: local and central. Local REBs are functions of the academic institutions that conduct research and review only their trails, while central REBs provide service for multiple entities. Some clinical trial investigators may not have access to a local REBs. There may also be compelling reasons for an institution not to use the local REBs and instead turn to a central REBs. If a trial site uses a central REBs and a local one exist, the site may be required to justify the decision or seek approval from the local REBs to use the central REBs. In general, investigators should plan to submit a complete application for REB review at least two months prior to beginning low risk studies. Researchers planning studies with vulnerable populations should plan to submit the application six months prior to beginning the study. Submissions to the REB are processed and reviewed on a first-come,Show MoreRelated Embryonic Stem Cell Research Essay1451 Words   |  6 PagesAdvancements in medical technology has allowed for a new understanding of stem cells and further developments in research. The use of stem cells in regenerative medicine may hold significant benefits for those suffering from degenerative diseases. To avail such advancements in stem cell research could see the alleviation or complete cure of afflictions that take the lives of millions worldwide each year. 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My Leap of Faith free essay sample

I timidly approach the top and step-by-step I inch closer to the eerie water. Adrenaline pumping through my veins, I reach up high to the heavens, hands trembling, fingers growing clammy and legs stiffening. Climbing the merciless ladder that will lead to my extinction, I begin to dread the moment when the glassy surface will seize me and drag me under. The rough, sand paper board impresses thousands of tiny markings on the soles of my feet. The water’s sheer face preserves a facade of unmasked confidence and retains the front of a misleading endurance. The hairs on the back of my neck stand erect like the coarse bristles of a brush. I approach closer and closer to my death sentence, tentatively but with the understanding that there is no turning back. I predict a slow, but agonizing death awaiting me below. My heart quickens its pace to a humming bird’s heartbeat, pounding its way through my fragile bones. We will write a custom essay sample on My Leap of Faith or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A deep thundering escapes my chest and as I take my last steps, my heart begins to wheeze uncontrollably. Now I stand higher than the summit of the tallest mountain, not just merely a child standing on a sunkissed hilltop. Beams of light break through the clustered clouds and lie upon my glowing skin. I control fate now. I have my fate wrapped in my hands like a king has his beloved disdain atop his crystalline throne. No courage can be superior, not even that of a lion on the yellow brick road. All power has been placed in my hands as I reach the end of the line, a bittersweet feeling, as I realize I have nowhere to go but down. My heart begins to flutter its last beats; the thundering drums are a violent ring and leave a subtle humming in my ears. Time has slowed. Every motion can now be seen by the naked eye. Looking down I see: a child swinging his arms mechanically with each time his foot meets the hardened earth. The textured concrete below him vibrates ever so softly as he charges forward like a wildebeest during a stampede. He finally leaps into the air with a pounce of a puma and he meets the glassy enclosure and is swallowed whole. As I look around I see: on the other side, a young, statuesque woman, much more graceful, leaping into the deep hallows of the structure. A natural beauty. She makes the dance so peaceful on her way in by pointing her toes and elongating her figure like a ballerina. Within the thousands of sharp green points, those of blades almost, lay a soft cloth with stripes of a beach ball. Upon it rests a large figure, with a hat of straw and a full piece wrapped around her breasts , stomach, back and hips. This material seems enticing to the water that clings on to it for dear life. I refocus my eyes on the drop and the water licks its lips with a deep pleasure. A taunting temptation, but surely, I will not be able to survive. The blackening water begins to turn impatient as I ponder my thoughts. Is it safe? Where else could I go but down? It waits for me to fall and the sky begins to hurl gusts of angry wind towards me, with a menacing growl a horrid sensation fills my bones as I am inched closer to my death. In blind faith I trust my treacherous instincts. In return, the cold water moans in a satisfaction as I take the last step away from my safety zone and part from the aching board that creaks with age. It has watched this same scene on replay hundreds of times a day. My world now plummets into the unknown, leading to an unforgiving defeat. I sink through the oceanic sky as the emerald sun begins to set beneath the fickle horizon. Relinquishing the last of my identity. For surely it has won yet another victory. Another war. Another battle. Another life. Free falling. Plummeting. Plunging. The blurred figures and colors surround me and my eyes cannot focus on their unpredictable patterns that lie just outside my personal tornado. The wind stabs upward toward my paled skin and with a stinging face and watering eyes the glassy surface rushes to meet me. With a long and piercing cry, the wind whistles in my ears with a growing urgency. Spiraling and tumbling I spread my arms and embrace the black abyss below me. A surge of water creeps up and then explodes with the strength of a thousand gods on my back. My trembling body cringes as I break the surface that tempted me so easily before. The water forms fiendish hands and velvet fingers lock around me and refuse to let go as it pulls me under, deeper than the deepest sea, and my lungs begin to fail. Never to be satisfied, the waters thirst for death’s sweet poison remains unquenched. The cool clenched fists entrap me and hold me beneath the surface with a certainty. Distorted images cloud my vision as I claw at the water that wrestles me into a headlock. The foggy water shows no signs of mercy or allowing my escape; only hate and bitterness toward my soul. Pulling me down further and holding me by the legs, I struggle to kick to the surface, but it continues to grow farther and farther away. I struggle for air. The liquid flames licking my shoulders, eyes pleading, but no one sees and no one helps. The water is too strong; there is no turning back and almost as a reassurance, the water rages on. Galloping across my body like horses on a dirt track, the vicious foam stampedes across my bare flesh. Coughing and heaving my lungs try to revolt. I am drowning in blackness, suffocating. Helpless, I fight for my survival and reach to the top, waiting for my revival. Sickening. Perpetual. Suspicion. In front of an impassive crowd, I seek for the non-existent attention, but there is no response in sight. Eternally searching for a single spot of light but I remain astray. Disconnected thoughts are all that’s left as my muted heartbeat has almost lost its grandeur. Screams concealed, cries covered up, no one can hear my wailing heart. The slimy concrete catches me and I am now an anchor lying on the waters cold floor. I am unable to see the path that once shown so surely under my feet. Death’s sweet breath becomes enticing, seductive almost. An excruciating pain begins to fill my lungs as the last of my air is obstructed with the blackened water. Swiftly, my limbs fall faint. With eyes closing I look up to find a sudden brightness has appeared. The sun is crystallized on the waters misleading surface. My soul immediately strives for its mysterious presence and the light begins to fade. I rush to the dimming luminosity as it quickly begins to slip away from my grasp, and suddenly a pain so deep within, earth shattering, rippled throughout me. My body yearned for its closeness. Realization washed over me and I wanted to pull it tighter within me and hold it there forever. The thick water that had filled my lungs before was cringing from the sudden gust of air. The water retreated like a fallen angel would have in the presence of God. Releasing me from its horrifying grasp, I had brokethrough the masked surface which taunted me so easily before. My arms flew across the water reaching for the earth’s gentle caress that would soon be against my pained skin. A calming reassurance of my safety. The earthen veil finally takes its chance to grab me from the evil that now lay beside me. The concrete, warm and protective, has never felt so inviting before now. My numb but grateful body lay still for a moment to praise the earth for saving me, yet again, during my Leap of Faith off the tall, oblong board of truth.

Service Recovery Report for McDonald

Question: Discuss about theService Recovery Report for McDonald. Answer: Introduction McDonald is a world renewed fast food chain of the restaurant which is currently working in more that hundred and nineteen countries all across the world because of their amazing services and products. After looking at a different kind of information related to the history of McDonald, there is some interrelated information from suppliers to partners and their product offerings that can connect all the vital information like service at McDonald or other services (Chuang et al., 2012). The final part will deal with an analysis of different methods where services can be improvised and at the same time number of ways where innovation can help the services to become effective, and this will also include some recommendations. Blueprint of McDonalds The most iconic thing about the brand is its Golden Arches which is followed by a clown character known as Ronald McDonalds (Chuang et al., 2012). There will be a discussion of the front stage and back stage information as well where most of the research will be based on an interview with the employees and managers of the company. The organization is also well known throughout the world as it has invested a lot in brand building and this brand holds a very strong position in the market because of its unique taste of burgers and other food offerings. It is one of the leading fast food businesses in the world and with innovation and sustainability in hand; it works as a prime aspect of the company all across the world (Mujtaba and Patel, 2011). The service blueprint can be defined as a process which is specifically a method based on some operations or series of different kind of actions that are mainly based on so many steps like needs that take place in a series. The process helps in understanding the process that company uses to follow and different services that can be directed at various kind of customers (Mujtaba and Patel, 2011). The service also discusses the delivery of various actions which can be tangible or intangible. To develop a blueprint, one needs to be able to recognize all the important activities that also involve different service delivery and manufacturing, clarity in series and also the specification of the link between these activities. The blueprint also helps in understanding the relationship between external and internal and different kind of inputs that needs a particular service process. To develop a service blueprint, one must also clearly specify the conversation between the various customers a nd employees (Mujtaba and Patel, 2011). Following are the main elements of the blueprint: Definition of different standards for every front stage functions. Physical and another kind of proofs for front stage functions. Principle customer services. Line of communication Customer contacts at front stage activities. Visibility line Backstage action Support procedures that involve a different kind of service personnel (Mujtaba and Patel, 2011). Support procedures based on information technology. Following is the service blue print of McDonalds: - Front Stage and Back Stage Functions The front stage can be defined as clients that are facing activities of the business like marketing, sales, and service or delivery of product. This can be considered as a part of operations that is experienced by clients. On the other hand, backstage functions make all the processes at support and administrative based that can be followed and at the same time undertaken to deliver the front stage process (Qin et al., 2010). Front stage process consists of one page based visual explanation of the way the organization offer services to the customer by taking good care of its needs. There is a part of marketing strategy; the process is proven in departments like sales and different tools for marketing that also tells the prospects. These prospects have a proven method of taking good care of customers and also understand that how a sales team creates consistent and at the same time some realistic expectations (Qin et al., 2010). Backstage process: every business had some core processes which includes important things that are needed to be done on a consistent basis as well as every time the company offers a service. Like for example, there are numbers of organizations that have a process for people or an HR department, a sales process, marketing and advertising process and one or more operation procedures and other backstage processes like customer services or their retention process (Qin et al., 2010). When the team agrees on different core processes, it is important to document it at the high level and accordingly train the employees and also calculate or measure different compliance until they are understood and followed by everyone. Moments of Truth for this Service Organisation Every kind of business understands that there is an order that thrives a different kind of needs and it can differentiate itself in the mind of the customer. Prices have also proved time and again that they are inadequate because there is always a limit to how a firm can cut off the margins (Qin et al., 2010). Product differentiation is also no longer important to attract the customer because technological advancement helps the product in becoming identical with few kind of difference on the tangible basis. It is commonly said that people do business with those whom they trust, and it is very common for some networking activities (Mathe, 2011). Building a business on trust, many successful companies like McDonald can construct the massive empire and also continue by following a certain set of values and principle that help them in building trust and loyalty. The success is also assured by selecting and engaging employees at various levels who also believe in those values and principl es (Mathe, 2011). The report will be based on primary research which will show that major amount of consumer in McDonald are satisfied with the food and services and some are even highly satisfied with the complete customer service at McDonalds. At the same time, some customers also mentioned that they are dissatisfied with the price at McDonald (Mathe, 2011). The main aim of the organization has always been developing and at the same time also implementing some policies and principles to satisfy the customers, and the business focuses on the present trends in fast food culture as well as demands and the expectations are based on the customers to raise the level of customer satisfaction. The complete value system at McDonald also reflects the overall approach and different set of practices for customer satisfaction. Like for example, McDonalds has always believed in doing the right thing at the right time since its inception (Mathe, 2011). This is why; the company has been growing and at the same time implementing many kinds of policies and programs in place that permits the organization to utilize the size and overall scope to make a difference since the company has a firm belief that what is right for the business is good for the majority of people. The research also showed some light on information from an organisation that proved that customers are always first for the company (Tsai et al., 2013). This also shows that McDonalds has been actively involved in adopting the efficient and right kind of strategies that help them offer high-quality food and quick services in relatively hygienic and friendly environment. At the same time, the level of commitment shows th e values for money for the number of customers. The moment of truth through various researchers also shows the flip side where as per many surveys like American Consumer Satisfaction Index, the company has the worst level of customer satisfaction. It is also noted that all kind of customers will not agree or relate to the vision of the business (Tsai et al., 2013). The research also shows that the company has been involved in improvement process from very long time, where the company has purposely issued a response against the research which says that at this organization, customer satisfaction is always a priority for the company and it continues to be of high importance for the company. The customer feedback from all walks of life is taken very seriously, and there are restaurant evaluations and through employee and customer feedback, the company is in a continuous process of evaluating different processes (Tsai et al., 2013). The internal research also shows that the company is committed to making progress in satisfying the cus tomer at various levels for which the company has been involved in some surveys for customer satisfaction. Therefore, based on the approaches from customer satisfaction and some different practices at the organization it is quite clear that the company is one of the most relevant organization in carrying out the progress based on customer satisfaction in the fast food industry (Shahid et al., 2014). Determinants of Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction It is clear that company like McDonald is one of largest food chain services with more than thirty thousand restaurants in almost hundred and nineteen nations. The company can be identified as a growing trend in any quick service based food chain for timely and accurate customer service. The organization has been actively following the growth based on innovation and at the same time using a different kind of technologies with the aim of providing the quality products and services to the consumers (Shahid et al., 2014). The company has been involved in performing activities that increase the level of satisfaction among the customers. However, as per the data collected in some researchers like in American Consumer Satisfaction Index based on the company has achieved the last place in customer satisfaction category despite all the efforts in achieving one. According to the data the company was able to achieve highest customer satisfaction back in the year 1995 (Shahid et al., 2014). ACSI also works as a social indicator for achieving customer evaluation of the overall quality of the product and services. The data is used by conducting an interview with around seventy thousand customers on the annual basis to measure the customer satisfaction level (Shahid et al., 2014). For the very long time, the company has been ranked at last position as per this research. At the same time, the organization which is serving millions of customer each day had achieved a rating of around fifty-nine back in the year 2000 (Shahid et al., 2014). The ranking every year is based on best of McDonalds and the last survey is carried by ACSI placed the company at last position in customer satisfaction as compared to another kind of fast food business all across the USA and other global nations (Rosenbaum and Wong, 2012). Although, it is important to note that the food and services at this organization have been showing some level of improvements in reduced prices, or introduction of the new menu with facilities for customers at this store by making sure the cleanliness in the store (Rosenbaum and Wong, 2012). Service Quality Measurement in McDonalds Quality is one of most important yet common factor for achieving customer satisfaction that can be measured through dividing yet providing some standardization to the products and services in business. Like for example, quality of service can be very effective determinant for achieving customer satisfaction, and it is evaluated when a customer is compared with his or her opinion and overall expectation from the service. It is important to note that some researchers often use this measure to decide and at the same time measure customer satisfaction (Rosenbaum and Wong, 2012). A model called SERVQUAL is committed to calculating the service quality of the business, and it works like a scale with different items that should be used to understand and yet find out the expectation of service and changing the perception of the customer. Based on different results, this model helps in understanding the customer expectation which leads to customer satisfaction (Rosenbaum and Wong, 2012). This model and its conclusions are based on measuring some important items like reliability, tangibles or responsiveness, empathy and much more which works like a parameter for testing the level of satisfaction of any customer, and it is measured and assessed for a particular business (Yuncu and Yuncu, 2015). Then there is expectance disconfirmation model which is developed by Oliver in the year 1981, about measuring customer satisfaction. This theory shows that the customer forms their satisfaction through some target products or services which work like a direct or subjective comparison between the expectations and perception (Yuncu and Yuncu, 2015). Customers can directly ask to give their perception or at the same time evaluate the comparisons by using a scale based on worse than or better than the parameter. This model also asserts that level of customer satisfaction is the direct activity for many subjective disconfirmations. Any customers have noted it the level of expectation has always been about the product can be related to some important factors that also influences customer satisfaction. So when the expectancy disconfirmation model is used to test the level of customer satisfaction at any organization, and it also includes fast food business like McDonalds (Yuncu and Yuncu, 2 015). There is another model called Means-end model which is developed in respect to deciding the perceived value of a consumer that influences the customer satisfaction. According to this model, it is clear that any perceived value is a direct antecedent of a different kind of purchase decision and a direct impact on perceived quality of service that can affect the level of customer satisfaction (Yuncu and Yuncu, 2015). Model is based on observed values which directly impact the purchase decisions and also makes the direct consequences of perceived quality of service that also affect the level of customer satisfaction. The overall role of customer's expected value is an understanding of consumer behavior which in itself is remarkable, and this is why it can be treated that means-end model of perceived value is crucial and an important tool and technique to understand customer satisfaction (Bolton and Mattila, 2015). Service-Recovery Strategy Plan Service recovery plan refers to that action of a service organization which is an answer to different service failure. The main aim is to maintain the relationship of business with the customer (Bolton and Mattila, 2015). The argument is based on the thought process that customer satisfaction makes sure that the company achieves customer loyalty, positive word of mouth and repeat sales. An effective plan for service recovery always leads to activities that enhance the perception of quality of products and services that are already bought to increase the understanding of the organization, and there is a favorable image in term of perceived level of value and quality (Bolton and Mattila, 2015). McDonald has been involved in understanding and also using a number of surveys based on customer satisfaction to understand the perception of customers as well as a present experience of them at any chain of the company (Ryan et al., 2011). The manager of a restaurant has mentioned that the responses from customers have been directly impacting the image of a restaurant and it is also based on customer feedback that business has been committed to developing and also implement different actions that increase the level of customer satisfaction for the very next time. The company has tried a number of things to understand the inner voice of the company. The main aim of the chief strategist at times is to understand the discovery which is much closer to any philosopher than any traditional strategist (Seo and Jang, 2013). The tool is far lesser than the data or spreadsheets which will be more about the discovery and important introspection about the study. If the company succeeds, there a re chances that whatever it was that bring the company closer to the audience, in past and then it must adjust in a more relevant way in today's marketplace and it is important to note that the connectivity should not be lost (Seo and Jang, 2013). As per the customer feedback, the company has been involved in launching different type of strategies like growth and development. McDonalds will have to align the complete organization around the simple idea that growth is important and it should a continuous process. According to that all the human and financial efforts should be directed at also improving along with increasing the activities (Rao, 2011). The turnaround is very vital for McDonald, and it certainly was and can be a remarkable on. There is no doubt that McDonald is an important organization and success of the company is important specifically for so many people who are dependent on it for income and who learn some important skills for life. On the other hand, McDonald follows a decentralized structure in the company as the whole organization is the system of companies where there are small entrepreneurs as well who have invested their saving in the company (Mottram, 2011). The company will have to understand that the process of growth is important than the level of growth. Growth at any cost can hamper the quality and quality is far important than quantity. Therefore, the formula of growth at any cost doesn't work in long run. The business model must be changed from time to time, and there must be a belief in continuous development. It is important to understand that business and the customers both will commit and come together to make the business work. In McDonalds, constant change in belief will help them to stay committed to the core value system of the company as well as with the business (Mottram, 2011). When a company needs something large, it is important to understand that the company is leading a system not an individual or a company. This can be a critical insight if one wants a successful change in something huge. This can be a frustrating process and time taking as well. It also needs to understand and learn to keep patience and the high tolerance for and from everyone (Ellahamy et al., 2015). Conclusion It is important to understand, managing and developing a business can be a tedious job. Research shows that the customer satisfaction is becoming an important concern for the business specifically in fast food setup. During recent market competition and increased level of demand and expectation, a customer or business has to develop and at the same time also implement different kind of policies and practices that can satisfy the customer expectations (Ellahamy et al., 2015). Reference Chuang, S.C., Cheng, Y.H., Chang, C.J. and Yang, S.W., 2012. The effect of service failure types and service recovery on customer satisfaction: a mental accounting perspective.The Service Industries Journal,32(2), pp.257-271. Mujtaba, B.G. and Patel, B., 2011. McDonalds Success Strategy And Global Expansion Through Customer And Brand Loyalty.Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS),3(3), pp.55-66. Qin, H., Prybutok, V.R. and Zhao, Q., 2010. Perceived service quality in fast-food restaurants: empirical evidence from China.International Journal of Quality Reliability Management,27(4), pp.424-437. Mathe, K., 2011. The Effects of Franchisee Gender on Consumer Perceptions of Performance and in Quick Service Restaurants. PROFILES, C., 2016. McDonalds Corp. Tsai, Y.S., Wu, H.L. and Chiu, C.H., 2013. Gourmet Master (85 C)-Branding in China.Management Review,32, pp.207-214. Shahid, M., Shafiq, H., Khan, A., Bari, R., Shahzad, N., Ch, I.S. and Parveen, S., 2014. Financial Exposure of McDonald's Corp. Success as a Market Leader.International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting,4(1), p.338. Ackerman, M.S. and McDonald, D.W., 1996, November. Answer Garden 2: merging organizational memory with collaborative help. InProceedings of the 1996 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work(pp. 97-105). ACM. Rosenbaum, M.S. and Wong, I.A., 2012. The effect of instant messaging services on society's mental health.Journal of Services Marketing,26(2), pp.124-136. Yuncu, D. and Yuncu, H.R., 2015, May. E-Complaints in Fast Food Sectors in Turkey: Social Network Analysis on a Website as Virtual Complaint Environment. InINTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY BUSINESS-ECONOMICS ADVANCEMENT CONFERENCE(p. 60). Bolton, L.E. and Mattila, A.S., 2015. How does corporate social responsibility affect consumer response to service failure in buyerseller relationships?.Journal of Retailing,91(1), pp.140-153. Mathe, K., 2011. The Effects of Franchisee Gender on Consumer Perceptions of Performance and in Quick Service Restaurants. Ryan, C., Ghazali, H. and Mohsin, A., 2011. Determinants of intention to leave a non-managerial job in the fast-food industry of West Malaysia.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,23(3), pp.344-360. Mujtaba, B.G. and Patel, B., 2011. McDonalds Success Strategy And Global Expansion Through Customer And Brand Loyalty.Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS),3(3), pp.55-66. Seo, S. and Jang, S.S., 2013. The roles of brand equity and branding strategy: a study of restaurant food crises.International Journal of Hospitality Management,34, pp.192-201. Rao, K.R.M., 2011.Services marketing. Pearson Education India. Mottram, A., 2011. Like a trip to McDonalds: a grounded theory study of patient experiences of day surgery.International journal of nursing studies,48(2), pp.165-174. Ellahamy, M.A., Morsy, M.A., Saad, H.E. and Qoura, O., 2015. Does Corporate Social Responsibility Affect Attitudinal Loyalty? Evidence from Fast Food Chains in Cairo.Journal of Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Fayoum University,9(2/2). Ackerman, M.S. and McDonald, D.W., 1996, November. Answer Garden 2: merging organizational memory with collaborative help. InProceedings of the 1996 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work(pp. 97-105). ACM. Ryan, C., Ghazali, H. and Mohsin, A., 2011. Determinants of intention to leave a non-managerial job in the fast-food industry of West Malaysia.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,23(3), pp.344-360. Shekelle, P.G., Pronovost, P.J., Wachter, R.M., McDonald, K.M., Schoelles, K., Dy, S.M., Shojania, K., Reston, J.T., Adams, A.S., Angood, P.B. and Bates, D.W., 2013. The top patient safety strategies that can be encouraged for adoption now.Annals of Internal Medicine,158(5_Part_2), pp.365-368. Lemos, M.C., Kirchhoff, C.J., Kalafatis, S.E., Scavia, D. and Rood, R.B., 2014. Moving climate information off the shelf: boundary chains and the role of RISAs as adaptive organizations.Weather, Climate, and Society,6(2), pp.273-285. Tsai, Y.S., Wu, H.L. and Chiu, C.H., 2013. Gourmet Master (85 C)-Branding in China.Management Review,32, pp.207-214. Rao, K.R.M., 2011.Services marketing. Pearson Education India.

The Appearance of Identity in Much Ado About Nothing Essay Example

The Appearance of Identity in Much Ado About Nothing Paper An individual is often identified by his or her appearance, but what happens when an appearance can change so much so that it changes identity? William Shakespeare, above anyone, realized the connection between appearance and identity. As someone who went from being the son of a rural glover to frequenting the courts of Queen Elizabeth, and as someone whose career revolved around convincing others that actors on a stage could becomes kings and queens with a change in costume or shift in language, the world of his plays were the world of Renaissance England: a world in which the individual realized that his or her identity was dependent upon his or her appearance. In Much Ado About Nothing, Shakespeare applies the world of Renaissance England to Messina, Italy and with it the ability to defy social conventions as well as alter appearances to allow for the emergence of a new identity.Elizabethan England was a time and place in which people challenged social conventions to provide the o pportunity to assert their emerging individualism and Shakespeare applied this to his plays as well. In Much Ado About Nothing, the Prince’s bastard brother, Don John, proudly defies the traditional conventions of the court and develops an antisocial behavior and identity. He claims â€Å"I cannot hide what I am: I must be sad when I have cause and smile at no mans jests, eat when I have stomach and wait for no mans leisure, sleep when I am drowsy and tend on no mans business, laugh when I am merry and claw no man in his humour† (I.iii.10-14). Don John refuses to play the political games that his brother the Prince is adept in, and identifies himself as a self-sufficient man who will â€Å"wait for no man’s leisure† and â€Å"tend on no man’s business.† He further develops his independent identity and individualism through defying conventions by admitting that â€Å"though I cannot be said to be a flattering honest man, it must not be denie d but I am a plain-dealing villain† (I.iii.23-25). His admission of being a â€Å"plain-dealing villain† simultaneously defies the social standards of morality and asserts his identity as he adds, â€Å"in the meantime let me be that I am and seek not to alter me† (I.iii.28-29). Don John knows what he is and is comfortable establishing his identity as a villain. Like Don John, Beatrice is another character who defies convention and asserts her identity and individualism. When discussing with Leonato her vehement opposition to marriage, she exclaims, â€Å"No, uncle, Ill none: Adams sons are my brethren; and, truly, I hold it a sin to match in my kindred† (II.i.53-54). Beatrice not only denies a suggestion of marriage, a denial of convention in itself, she considers men her â€Å"brethren,† defying the social conventions of women in society and establishing an independent identity.In addition to asserting oneself through defying conventions, characte rs in Much Ado About Nothing are able to change their appearances, and thus change their identities in the process. Like the emergence of the individual in Renaissance England, Shakespeare’s Messina also allows people to be more than they appear. Before the return of the soldiers to Messina, a messenger tells Leonato about Claudio who â€Å"hath borne himself beyond the promise of his age, doing, in the figure of a lamb, the feats of a lion† (I.i.11-12). Claudio’s ability to exceed expectations and more importantly, exceed the expectations of his appearance, helps to establish the play’s theme of the ability to appear one way and act another. For Hero however, appearance is the cause of the fall and subsequent rise of a new identity. At Claudio and Hero’s wedding, Claudio accuses her of infidelity crying out, â€Å"Out on thee, seeming! I will write against it. / You seem to me as Dian in her orb, / As chaste as is the bud ere it be blown. / But y ou are more intemperate in your blood / Than Venus, or those pampered animals / That rage in savage sensuality† (IV.i.54-59). All of his accusations are based on her â€Å"seeming† appearance and it is this new appearance that causes her identity to change from a virtuous and chaste maid to a now â€Å"intemperate† â€Å"animal.† Taking a cue from this case of mistaken identity, the Friar suggests that Hero willingly change her identity and says, â€Å"Let her a while be secretly kept in, / And publish it that she is dead indeed.† (IV.i.202-203). Hero’s identity is transformed from a living person to a dead body solely based on appearance. In true Renaissance fashion, however, a rebirth takes place when she is married a second time, and she herself claims, â€Å"Nothing certainer. / One Hero died defiled, but I do live, / And surely as I live, I am a maid† (V.iv.62-64). She admits that her former identity has died and she is now before them, reinvented with a new identity based on appearance.The strength of the ability for appearance to define identity is reinforced by the willingness of others to believe what they see. When Don Pedro offers to help Claudio woo Hero, he states, â€Å"I will assume thy part in some disguise, / And tell fair Hero I am Claudio† (I.i.269-270). Don Pedro helps to establish the theme that people can change appearances and in the process, change their identities knowing that others will trust them. The strongest evidence of this inherent trustworthiness in appearance occurs when Benedick is tricked into loving Beatrice based solely on what he sees and hears. The trust Benedick has in appearance is strongly established by his statement that â€Å"I should think this a gull, but that the white-bearded fellow speaks it. Knavery cannot, sure, hide himself in such reverence† (III.ii.110-112). The fact that Benedick relies on the appearance of Leonato’s â€Å"reverenceâ €  demonstrates his ability to allow outward appearance to hide Leonato’s true identity and Benedick falls for it, despite his own feeling that it is a trick. While this trustworthiness in appearances allows for the harmless tricking of Benedick, it takes a tragic turn in the tricking of Claudio. After he believes he sees Hero with another man, he asks, â€Å"Would you not swear, / All you that see her, that she were a maid, / By these exterior shows? But she is none. / She knows the heat of a luxurious bed. / Her blush is guiltiness, not modesty† (IV.i.36-40). Claudio’s trust in appearances is complete. Not only does he believe what he sees the night before, but now he is able to interpret her blushes as â€Å"guiltiness, not modesty.† Claudio is manipulated by the emergence of the individual through appearance as he is unable to see the blushes for what they are.At the end of Much Ado About Nothing, the trick involving the slander of Hero is revealed and Leonato asks, â€Å"Which is the villain? let me see his eyes, / That, when I note another man like him / I may avoid him: which of these is he? (V.i.243-245). Of course the irony is that if Leonato can’t tell which man is the villain, then how will he be able to tell when he sees another one? This is the inherent problem in Much Ado About Nothing and, consequently, in Shakespeare’s England. With the ability to change identities through appearance comes the problem of identifying when that change has occurred, which is exactly what Shakespeare was counting on.

buy custom Early Childhood Assiment essay

buy custom Early Childhood Assiment essay The young generation is an embodiment of the future. This is a statement that underlies the truth and fundamentals upon which any community or a generation, in its very broad sense, is built. In this case, the young generation is wholly represented by children who at their present ages may seem of little or no use in as far as development issues are concerned but represent the future of these developments. To start off children are a blessing and, therefore, they should be appreciated as well as trained efficiently to cope with the situations that the world today presents. To this effect, children who might not be fortunate enough to receive proper parental guidance due to circumstances such as death of parents their early ages or complete neglect in the form of abandonment should be granted that opportunity through enrolling them in children centers such as Summerville and the proposed Wintergrove children centre. This enables them to acquire relevant skills and virtues required of them as regards the various issues that have bedeviled the contemporary world. Such issues are mostly challenges that would require proper understanding of the real world to unravel. One such issue is that of environmental degradation that has staked a major claim as a global threat yet most humans still conduct certain activities whilst turning a blind eye on the consequences. This irresponsible behavior calls for proper orientation that would not stem out of classroom teachings or protests of environmental groups but from life teachings offered to children as they grow up. The effectiveness of these teachings would be seen from the sense that the children are molded into individuals who embrace the issue of sustainability as a responsibility rather than an obligation. The importance of child centers comes in handy especially when the blessing of proper parentage fails to suffice in a childs life. It is for this reason, therefore, that the proposed children centre in Wintergrove is poised to etch its mark not only as rescue and child centre but a growth and virtue-instilling centre as well. This essay explains into detail, the measures being taken by this proposed project as it seeks to become an excellent childrens centre. How can the Wintergrove childrens centre project co-ordinate the planning of its organization? To achieve successful outcomes i.e. the project living up to its billing as an all round children centre that does not only nurture and care for young abandoned children but also instills in them requisite virtues in as far as the environment in which they grow up is concerned, there has to be efficient and effective plans in place with realistic targets and achievement mechanisms. This being a community project, there might be a variety of plans and goals intended to materialize at the end of it all. This therefore, calls forth the coordination of these goals so as to reach the expected targets. Just like any other organization, Wintergrove will require some efficient code to aid in regulating its activities in order to achieve the expected outcomes. The three major aspects to be considered for coordination are development of a profile, development of a philosophy as well as a mission statement and lastly the process of outlining the specific goals and relevant strategies needed to arrive at their solutions. What is the essence of a profile in an organization? A profile can be described as a brief summary of an organization that outlines in very precise ways the activities conducted by the activity, its location and its targets. It is a means through which any organization would sell to the population its ideas and reasons for operation. Therefore for a project with humanitarian services at heart such as Wintergrove, a profile has to be in existence to sell the organization to the community and even the world at large. What constitutes an organizations profile? There are key components that must be present in any profile to enable it to achieve its meaning as some kind of badge or even logo. These components include the organizations location, history, available facilities and the environment. Therefore for the case of Wintergrove, the profile would represent something like this; Location: The Wintergrove children centre is situated in the coastal area of NWS not so far away from the Summerville childrens centre. The position of this childrens centre has been hailed as strategic considering it offers its wide range of services to the vast and cosmopolitan population that has increased tremendously in the region due to, increased migration and settlement patterns, as well as increased birth and mortality rates recorded in the recent past. Type of service: This organization is part of the large service industry that exists in the town. It aims at providing parental care to helpless and hopeless children through providing relevant services such as care, training and education. History: The Wintergrove centre was constructed as a sister organization to the much established Summerville children centre to help the many children subjected to poor parentage and the harsh realities of life such as death against a backdrop of an inflated population resulting from increased birth rates and increased immigration into the town. Facilities: The WCC boasts of modern facilities used in the production of its services. Population: The WCC has a relatively small population considering its new status but with the increased swells recorded in the population of Wintergrove, this number is expected to rise rapidly. Currently there are 100 children 60of whom are male and the others female. Apart from that, there is a staff of about 50 (predominantly women) and the community that is actually the brainchild of this project. The children have ages ranging from 1 to 12 years while the staff members have varied ages. Environment: The growth of WCC has been credited largely to the Summerville community whose undying love for offering assistance to the needy propelled them into the construction and maintenance of the centre. The policies outlined by the community helps to keep the activities of the centre in check. WCCs philosophy and accompanying mission statement Wintergrove Children Centre is a community project that is aimed at achieving among many other goals, unity among the various cultural affiliations that compose the population of Wintergrove town, humanitarian services to the less fortunate and immigrants and education on the best ways to conserve the environment of the coastal town among other goals. To these effects, the organization was built on all encompassing policy of servicing the community. This is basically a summary of the main ideologies extrapolated in the working philosophy of the organization: service to the people, by the people and for the people. The word people here epitomizes the moderately large yet first growing population that forms the foundation upon which the Wintergrove town was formed. This philosophy serves to expose WCC as an investment made by the community for the community considering its services will be a reward to the community. The childrens center, therefore, has a mission statement that summarizes the philosophy whilst stressing on the importance of environmental conservation. The children being the major beneficiaries should be included in the mission statement. Therefore, WCC would have a mission statement of this kind; to produce efficient services in line with the needs of the children of our society and the community at large while holding high the basic ideals of environmental sustenance and conservation. What is a planning process and what goals and strategies can WCC put in place to satisfy the needs of the community? A planning process involves the setting of goals and relevant strategies required to attain these goals. This is always the first step in the organizational process of any organization and therefore determines the consequent activities and processes such as leadership, control and performance. The functionality of any organization is aimed at achieving these goals hence reasonability should be adopted as a guiding principle in the setting of these goals. These are some of the goals and strategies that WCC can base their operations on; i. To enhance the strong community focus that forms the idealistic background upon which the activities of Wintergrove town is built. This serves to enhance the childrens belief on the impact of the community. This can be achieved through engaging he children in participatory events such as tree planting occasions and community servicing in a bid to elevate the need of community focus among children. ii. To facilitate a sense of community through encouraging networking and support to the rather isolated families in addition to incorporating the immigrants into the local systems thereby creating harmony and excellent conditions for them. This can be achieved through adopting standard set ups in as far as language and major practices are concerned. Adopting a standard language for instance could act to unify the community. iii. To encourage the harmonization of the cultural diversities through encouraging cultural interactions and promotion of the community management model that roots for unity. Considering the cosmopolitan nature of Wintergrove town, there is a need to inculcate into the children a sense of brotherhood so that the children learn to accept their peers and friends as their equals; their cultural backgrounds notwithstanding. iv. To promote the communitys ideals i.e. that of servicing through v. To appreciate the childrens contribution as the face of the future thereby inculcating into them desirable qualities that would allow them to embrace the growth of the future (especially as concerns the environment) as their responsibility. To achieve this goal children should be introduced to environmental lessons and the consequent dangers that underlie poor environmental governance. vi. To establish efficient structures at WCC that teaches children to respect and appreciate the beauty of nature. One step to conserve the environment lies in appreciating the benefits that accrue from it. The creation of WCC should act as a major building block upon which the children are taught how to appreciate the environment and its dynamics, embrace environment friendly practices such as green living, sustainability and recycling. vii. To create a centre that will help transform helpless and hopeless children into useful individuals in the community. The children centre in Wintergrove will help in nurturing, caring and instilling virtues into the children thereby helping them to grow into responsible members of the society. To achieve this, the centre could help the children to identify their potential strengths and help tem to build on them while making amends to their weaknesses so as to mould them into useful and responsible individuals. viii. To create a sense of belonging in the children so that the children, their different backgrounds notwithstanding, would be able to give back to the community. This allows the children to become part of the community and can be made possible through aligning the teachings offered at the centre for the national quality standards available to all Australian education systems. Who is a child care manager and what would be the impact of his role in the WCC? A child care manager is an individual at any children centers tasked with the responsibility of managing and supervising the day to day operations of the services offered to promote early childhood practices. Such duties and responsibilities would range from staff management to administrative tasks and the major responsibility of implementing the new policies and programs that would be formulated within the centre or controlling this process through the use of third parties. Being a very important stage in the development and sustainability of the company, the child care manager practically regulates the activities of any child centre organization such as the Wintergrove Childrens centre. Lastly, the child care manager acts as a link between the parents and the staff of the centre. This, he does through overseeing the organization parent partnership programs such as plan orientations, workshops and class parent involvement activities. In this way, the child care manager facilitates c ommunication between these two bodies whose interaction with the child could mean a lot to the child in as far as the childs development is concerned. This person will also see to it that all the applicable accrediting; licensing and regulatory frameworks necessary to the organization are to complied. The child care manager will also be responsible for the safety, security and maintenance of the facility in line with the communitys provisions. Miscellaneous tasks would include hiring, training and supervising the staff, developing and modifying classroom curriculum as well as schedules to ensure excellent practices that are development minded and also to supervise food services (supply and general usage of available stocks). What is an employment contract and how could WCC design their contract for the position of a child care manager? A job contract is a document that brings together the two major parties of an employer and an employee into a legal or in very few cases a mutual agreement over the terms and conditions of the employees job. It specifies the duration over which the job is scheduled to run, a witness and the salary payable to the employee in a given time span (mostly monthly). The contract for a child care manager would therefore be something like this; This is a job contract between WCC and Mr. /Mrs. (Name of employee) for the position of Child Care Manager as of (date of commencement) till (date of termination) as witnessed by (name of witness). The employee is scheduled to earn a monthly salary of $38,000 (approximate in Australian dollars) over the entire course of the job period with the bonuses of fringe payments and tokens considering the job done. The employee is expected to work within the provisions of the organization for the realization of the set goals to be made possible. Failure to do this would lead to disciplinary action that could amount to premature termination of the contract. (Martinson, 2003). The renewal of the contract is based on the service delivery in the previous contract period. Signed by (all the three groups of employer, employee and witness must certify the agreement). VACANCY! VACANCY! VACANCY! VACANCY! WINTERGROVE CHILDREN CENTRE ADDRESS LOCATION RE: Advertisement for the post of Child care manager at Wintergrove Children Centre The newly constructed Childrens Centre in Wintergrove town is looking for eligible candidates to fill the vacant position with the Child care manager. Being a new centre, the new manager is tasked with initiating the growth process at the organization to equal or even better other organizations offering such services. Coupled with the organizations philosophy and mission statements that advocate for environmental appreciation and development of useful members in society, the applicants must meet certain requirement to be eligible for this position. These requirements include: i. Must have obtained a Bachelors Degree in Early Childhood Education or better still, an advanced diploma in an area of study relevant to the child care servicing practices from recognized institutions ii. Must have served in the position of a director or even an assistant director in a previous institution offering child care programs such as daycares or others iii. Must have proper knowledge of the applicable child care regulations and licensing trends iv. Must posses excellent communication and presentation skills be it by word of mouth or literary. This is particularly important as it will help in boosting his/her figurehead roles of representing the organization at appropriate times. v. Must have excellent interpersonal skills which include creating excellent working conditions fort he staff, developing a rapport with students, staff members and the external environment. Excellent interpersonal skills are a prerequisite for any position of leadership as it determines how the manager will coordinate or rather cooperate with the other staff members thereby creating healthy working environments. vi. Must have proper leadership skills and exhibit leadership traits such as charisma, supervisory roles, organizational skills, motivational activities such as conducting orientations and report writing skills vii. Must have clean criminal records, excellent health conditions and current CPR or first aid certification. All these are provisions of the states child licensing and ought to be completed by the applicants viii. Knowledge of computer technology and on line operations would be of an added advantage alongside knowledge on agriculture (to help determine proper food balances), developing and conducting workshops or seminars/conferences for parents and other key stakeholders. All interested candidates are called upon to send in their applications to the Summerville community management body as from the 7th of September to the 30th of the same month. Thereafter, all applicants will be taken through thorough interviews on days to be mentioned later. Successful will be informed accordingly through the use of email services and phone calling. Interviewing for all applicants All the applicants of the interested individuals will be assessed and only those applicants who attain the required conditions will be shortlisted and invited to interview. A five member board (organizations representative, financiers representative, a member of the community management board to act as the communitys representative, a parents representative and lastly a government representative) will be instituted to conduct the interviews. The interviewees will be expected to report to the venue of the interview early and in formal outfits. Copies of relevant testimonials are accepted as long as they are in the line of duty. Privacy will be highly maintained between the interviewers and the respective interviewees while successful applicants will be expected to minimize any suggestive contacts while in the precincts of the interviewing region. The interviewees will be taken through a serious scanning process by the five-member interviewing panel and later dispersed. The results wil l then be communicated 3 days after (to allow for maximum time for effective evaluation of the results). The modes of communication would be through telephone and email services. Duty roster It is important to note that the organization has two types of employees; part time employees and full time employees. The part time employees are mostly volunteers who work in the child care sector while the full time employees are permanently contracted individuals (and even in some instances, professionals) who offer their services in the education sector of the organization. This implies that, the part time employees work for half days (6hours) considering the fact that that is the time period for which child care services are offered while their full time compatriots work for full days (12 hours) all through the year. The duty roster is designed specifically to assign duties to the service men; janitors, environmental education specialists, grounds men, child care specialists and the chefs. The organization has 4 executive chefs, 20 child care specialists, and 13 grounds men, 4 environmental specialists and 2 janitors. All the other executive positions of child centre manager, d eputy general manager, health care manager, child care manager, centres coordinator, office and support services manager and finance manager are not specified in the roster as they have fixed roles all through out the year and they are the only ones of their kind in the organizations. This eliminates the need for listing them in the roster. Duty roster of Wintergrove Childrens Centre Day Designation of employee(s) on duty Name of employee(s) Service tag numbers Monday 2 chefs Chef 1 and chef 2 N/A 4 environmental specialists E,R,T,Y 13 grounds men U,I,O,P,A,S,D,F,G,H 10 day care specialists; (F/T) (H/T) Sp1, sp3, sp5, sp7, sp9, sp11, sp13, sp15, sp17,sp19 One janitor Janitor 1 Tuesday 2 chefs Chef 2 and chef 4 4 environmental specialists E,R,T,Y 13 grounds men U,I,O,P,A,S,D,F,G,H 10 day care specialists; (5 F/T) (5 H/T) Sp2, sp4, sp6, sp8, sp10, sp12, sp14, sp16, sp18, sp 20 One janitor Janitor 2 Wednesday 2 chefs Chef 1 and chef 2 4 environmental specialists E,R,T,Y 13 grounds men U,I,O,P,A,S,D,F,G,H 10 day care specialists; (5 F/T) (5 H/T) Sp1, sp3, sp5, sp7, sp9, sp11, sp13, sp15, sp17,sp19 One janitor Janitor 1 Thursday 2 chefs Chef 2 and chef 4 4 environmental specialists E,R,T,Y 13 grounds men U,I,O,P,A,S,D,F,G,H 10 day care specialists; (5 F/T) (5 H/T) Sp2, sp4, sp6, sp8, sp10, sp12, sp14, sp16, sp18, sp 20 One janitor Janitor 2 Friday 2 chefs Chef 1 and chef 2 4 environmental specialists E,R,T,Y 13 grounds men U,I,O,P,A,S,D,F,G,H 10 day care specialists; (5 F/T) (5 H/T) Sp1, sp3, sp5, sp7, sp9, sp11, sp13, sp15, sp17,sp19 One janitor Janitor 1 Apart from the specialists and grounds men, all other employees are working on rotating schedules such that there is no employee in these categories who reports to duty on consecutive days. The attendance of these employees is also recorded on a daily basis to ensure consistency. The regulations of child centre development also limit the number of employees attending directly to children to specific quantities in line with the children population. INCOME/EXPENDITURE ANALYSIS OF THE WINTERGROVE INCOME Item Description/detail Number of children Amount in AUD paid by the children per week Total per month Total per year Child care fees 4 months to 2 years 25 2 years to 3 years 25 3 years to 5 years 25 5 years to 8 years 25 totals $500000 Registration fees Are made once in every year (when the children are admitted into WCC) 100 $200000 Initial capital Include funds obtained from fundraisings and capital from the community management board $1199000 Take out loans from banks Could include development loans issued to community based programs such as the WCC $100000 Grant programs Includes grants from the community and the corporate world, donations, humanitarian groups as well as environmental groups $1000000 Government agencies The federal/central government, local authorities $500000 Other sources Such as ACD, CAFCP $500000 Miscellaneous sources Payments made by trainees on orientation programs and $1500000 TOTAL $4990000 EXPENDITURE (Operating expenses) Salaries Service descriptions Number of employees Amount in AUD paid by per week Per month Per year Personnel/administrative fee Director/manager 1 $50000 Deputy director 1 $30000 Finance Manager 1 $30000 Health care manager 1 $30000 Children centre co-ordinator 1 $30000 Office support services manager 1 $30000 Supervisors (pre-school staff toddler room staff) 5 $15,000 Supply staff (service men) 38 $10000 TOTAL Staff costs FICA $20 Allowances $50 Fringing costs $50 Occupancy Rent/mortgage payment $1000 Costs of remodeling $10 Utilities deposits $10 Services on contract/ consultancy (leegal and professional fees) Real estate professionals, legal representatives among other professionals $15 Operating cash $5 Insurance covers (covers the occupancy, transport, ) $10 Supplies Catering/food services $500 Office equipment (to include costs of installation and maintenance) $1000 Program $20 Housekeeping $10 telephone $10 electricity $10 Water $10 Cleaning services $5 Transport services Fuelling each of the 2 vans owned by the organization for a weekly basis $200 Maintenance fees $10 Insurance covers $10 Depreciation costs Miscellaneous expenses Advertisement of various types Payment of certain portions into cash reserves $10 Payment of license fees $10 Budgetary allocations for parents and board meetings scheduled quarterly $30 Training of new staff through orientation and seminars $250 Fiscal policies Taxes $400 TOTAL $4990000 What would WCCs funding grant look like? To: The Community Management Committee through its Community Development Fund Submission made on: relevant date Summary WCC is a non profit making organization that was formed out of a community development plan to achieve a host of goals among them; environmental sustenance. Organizational overview This organization was developed to provide service to the members of the Wintergrove fraternity in line with the humanitarian objectives set by the community through the management committee. Description of the programs WCC offers a host of services that include excellent catering services, educational services (applicable to children above the age of 6 years), child care services through the daycare services and lessons that raise the environmental awareness for the members of the community. Population served Having been formed as a community initiative, the WCC serves the whole of Wintergrove region. With the passage of time however, the organization is expected to grow to cover even wider regions such as the neighboring communities. Project evaluation There are regular checks carried out so as to ascertain the levels of growth in the organization. These include SWOT analysis and placing more emphasis on the control functions that try to match the expected outcomes with the real outcomes. Budgets The organization has an annual budget of () to enable it to effectively operate at economically efficient levels. The breakdown of this budget is exhibited in the annual budgetary allocations attached herein alongside a list of the staff members present in the organization. What is a marketing plan and how could WCC develop their marketing plan in view of the circumstances characterizing its development? Considering the process of marketing is both time and money consuming, lots of preparation ought to be put in to achieve an excellent marketing plan. A marketing plan is a schedule that allows any organization to outline its marketing strategies taking into consideration the market structure, the relevant sources of income and expenditure, the competitors and all other factors that shape up an organizations external environment and working within their set budgets to achieve these end points. Marketing plans also help organizations to work within their budgets and financial means, (Jackson, 2011). Since WCC is basically a community project instituted to offer assistance to the community members and not a profit making organization, their marketing plan would be quite narrow in terms of the categories included in the marketing plan by the organization. WCCs marketing plan would therefore include a market analysis, product/service analysis and relevant marketing strategies as shown bel ow: Market analysis WCCs marketing analysis consists of a host of information that is important in understanding the market within which the organization operates. First of all is the actual population of the children in the organization. It is important for the organization to have a record of its present population as well as the expected population at the end of the year. Information on the cultural composition of the centres population i.e. the specific population sizes of the different races found in the school as well as the current population of the young age groups as measured against the total population of Wintergrove town is also important. The changes that have marked the population trends in the region of Wintergrove i.e. increase or decrease and the consequent proportions should also be studied. Apart from the population trends, externalities such as the effects of the legal requirements (licensing guidelines) on the operations of the organization i.e. how it influences the activities carr ied out in the organization should be studied to come up with effective results. The external environment could also be characterized by government policies and associated factors on the operations of the organization i.e. how the government parameters of fiscal policies (expenditure patterns and taxation levels) affect its operation among other conditions. The uncontrollable environmental effects and their subsequent outcomes on the functioning of the organization could also be explored. Product/ service analysis As concerns this analysis, the major tenets to be studied could be the description of the organization and its establishment and comparisons made to other successful child centers. This could help to determine whether the organization is deemed to withstand the test of time or could need a total overhaul of the goals for achievement of realistic targets. The organization could also assess its financial status to ascertain the authenticity of its goals and targets. Marketing strategies Having conducted an assessment of the first two categories, the organization can come up with relatively effective strategies to counter the possible faults identified in the first two steps. First, the company should strive to maintain a modest image that would attract its customers. In line with the outcomes of the analyses carried the organization could concentrate on the features and pricing mechanisms as well as modifying the effective customer services that would lead to efficient service delivery on their part. In line with their goals of attaining a large population of children, the WCC could turn to the media as a marketing tool. This is because most of the inhabitants of the area access the major modes of information transmission. Some of the sources of media available to the WCC could include: television, radios, websites, use of brochures, bill boards and local newspapers and magazines. (Sciarra, 2009) What marketing tools can WCC use in its marketing plan? As identified in the marketing plan above, WCC has a wide range of tools to use to advertise its services. They include media release (for the local newspaper or magazine), brochures, posters, bill boards, radio or television advertisement and the use of a website. Being a community project, it mostly uses brochures given the fact that most if not all of the population around it is literate and therefore deciphering info from brochures would not pose problems. What is a brochure and what purposes does it serve? How does Wintergrove Children Center use brochures to increase their operations? A brochure is an essential marketing tool used by many organizations in the advertisement of their services to its target customers in a bid to win them over. Various definitions have been given and as such it would generally be defined as a pamphlet or a handbook that is designed by an organization and contains all the relevant summaries and introductory information of the organization. They are aesthetically appealing and glossy in their appearance. Brochures are majorly designed by organizations to market products or services and to disseminate information on major occurrences and activities that would warrant awareness such as maladies. The process of designing requires proper representation, correct messaging and clarity in the information contained in the brochure. The following information would be necessary in Wintergrove Children Centers typical brochure that would help it to market its services to the community. First, it is important that the brochures fold type, size, shape and color schemes are known to aid in the design and development processes. Lastly the content should be clear in its aim to convince the target customers. WCCs brochure would be something like this; Layout: this is the manner in which the brochure is designed and presented to the target customers. This bit encompasses the cooler schemes, coloring and texturing, designs of every page especially the first page, the size and shape aspects and the arrangement of the words in every page. Considering WCCs tender age, the brochures adopted by the organization would generally be small both in size and content. I would recommend a three fold type that would consist of 5 printed pages (Cheminais, 2007). The three fold would be particularly important in the sense that it would correspond to the organizations systems. The cover page would contain the organizations logo, name, address and the product service. Additionally, elements such as a picture (or any pertinent piece of information) could be used to make the image of the organization. A picture of a child and an aesthetically inviting environment would cap it off in a very nice way. This would represent the main service offered in the institution (the child to symbolize child care activities) and the major goal of the organization (healthy environment to symbolize sustainability, appreciation and promotion of environmental friendly practices such as green living). The first and second pages would contain the organizations mission and vision statement as well as their philosophy to enable their target customers to be attracted. The third page would be designed to contain information about the organization and all its activities and services taking into account the guiding philosophy as well as the mission and vision statements. Small sized pictures of the facilities present in the school such as the vans, office furniture and even the catering services would be used to light up the face of the brochure. The information contained in the third and part of the last page would include the number of staff, population of children, other facilities present in the school that would serve to bolster the image of the organi zation to the target customers; mainly parents of small families or those parents with very busy work schedules. The last page would definitely have the contact addresses of the organization and a well detailed route map that locates the organization and its location with reference to any well known structures. For instance, for WCC, the Summerville Childrens home could be used as a referencing point as it is more famous and subsequent directions issued from there. Apart from this page layout system, activities such as setting up of document, making choices on main area brands, brochure sizes, bleeding procedures, security borders, setting of column guides and choosing texture backgrounds also form part of the layout procedures and must be considered seriously. The choice of color used to create the background should offer a gentle scenario to the eye as well as blend perfectly with the foreground colors (colors used on the words). Generally, these colors should be bright so as to b e eye catchy and attractive whilst disseminating the intended information adequately. With the issues of environmental sustenance in the picture, I would suggest that the brochure be laced by tints of the green color that is widely accepted as a representation of the environment; a healthy one to be precise. Its usage should, however, be limited as it is generally dull. The choice of texture and finish chosen should all serve to raise the aesthetic quality of the brochure. The last and actually the most important bit would be the content of the brochure. It represents the purpose of the brochure. The message or information present in the brochure should be clear and easy to understand. In order to achieve this, short, simple, concise and clear sentences should be adopted. An excellent mastery of the language used to provide the information as well as correct grammar and spellings are also important in the development of a brochure for WCC. Every heading in the brochure should be written in bold so as to make it easier for the reader to obtain the information. What changes could be witnessed in the course of the organizations operations and how can they be solved? As the organization continues to gain footing in the community and its environs, it is important to note that there are dynamic changes that act to shape its activities with the passage of time. Such changes could be new initiative or regulatory amendment such as the Quality Improvement Accreditation System, The Early Years Learning Framework or changes to current NSW Childrens Services licensing regulations or environmental variations that could affect the environment and the conservation program in totality. Since we have no power over variations witnessed in the environment, necessary measures would be taken to conform to any prevalent changes. Such measures would include altering the existing organizational cultures to suit the prevalent trends. Considering the stable culture is always rigid to change, other cultures that give much room for flexibilities (innovative, people-oriented, detail-oriented etc) would be adopted by the management. The innovative culture promotes innovati veness on the part of the employees (staff in this case). Changes in population for instance could be met with subsequent variations in the staffing schedule. The management could also conduct seminars to help raise the awareness levels of the staff to the current situations. This can always help the staff to remain updated. The change aspect is definitely prone to objection and rejection. It is how the management copes with these situations that best determines the growth patterns of the organization. Therefore, to convince any stakeholders who might be reluctant to change, the management could use reports. The content of the report would be such that the management would explore the various inventions or changes would accrue benefits to the organization with the right infrastructure in place. Report on the evaluation of the activities of the Wintergrove Children Centre presented to the Summerville management committee The dream of the community to initiate helpful development programs has so far been seen in the development course taken by the Wintergrove childrens center. Having been started as a sister branch to the more established Summerville childrens centre, I can proudly say today, this organizatio Buy custom Early Childhood Assiment essay

Discuss whether the information provided in Citic Pacific Limited Essay

Discuss whether the information provided in Citic Pacific Limited Stock - Essay Example Understanding of the information provided in the annual reports therefore not only offers an opportunity to the investors to assess as to how the company performed in the past but how it will perform in the future. Investors therefore need to critically identify the relevant information as well as how to use it in proper context.(Brealey & Myers, 2009) What is also important to note that interpretation of the information depends upon the skills of the investors. What distinguishes a good investor from a bad investor is the ability of each investor to interpret the information presented in the annual report of the firm. Thus it is critical that the investors must clearly identify as to what type of information is essential for making a sound and rational decision. Citi Pacific Limited is a Hong Kong based involving in the diversified business including infrastructure development, steel manufacturing, tunnels, power generations as well as the electricity. This paper will therefore discuss as to whether the information presented in the interim financial statements as on 30th June 2010 provide sufficient information to investors for making investment decision. Investors are considered as the primary users of the financial statements and it becomes critical for them to properly evaluate the financial statements in order to make a rational decision. One of the main reasons as to why the investors must look into the information provided in the financial statements is to know about the profitability of the firm and assess as to whether the firm will remain profitable in the future. This sort of information will therefore serve as the key information for the investors to make a decision of whether to invest in a firm or not. (Atrill. & McLaney,2008). Thus financial statements shall provide useful, timely and accurate information to the investors in such a manner that investors must be able to make reasonable